Araujo, 23, opted to have an operation rather than pursuing conservative treatment, even though it means he will probably miss the World Cup with Uruguay in November.
Barça have not confirmed how long the centre-back will be out of action, but he is expected to be sidelined for up to three months.
The club said: “The first team player Ronald Araujo has been operated on successfully for his adductor longus avulsion injury in his right thigh.
“The procedure was carried out by Dr. Lasse Lampainen under the supervision of the club’s medical services in Turku, Finland. The player is unavailable for selection and his recovery will dictate his return.
“The defender sustained the injury last Friday on international duty in the fifth minute of the game between Iran and Uruguay. Araujo has made seven appearances for FC Barcelona in the 2022/23 season.”
